Macchi C.170 "Brezza"; '236' of Jagdgeschwader II, Austrian Air Force, ca. 1937

[Dizzyfugu]

This lil' whif was tinkered together as a kitbashing in about a week - orginally it was inspired through fellow member NARSES2 who wondered in his blog what to do with an Airfix Gladiator. Several nations were discussed, and I proposed an Austrian Air Force whif, based on a drawing of a Ju 86K bomber from 1938.

That reminded me of some biplane spare parts in the scarpyard, and so I got myself caught by the spontaneous idea to build a biplane whif. And here it is, the Macchi C.170 "Brezza":


Macchi C.170 Brezza by Franclab, on Flickr
(Many thanks to fellow FlickR user Franclab from Canada for creating this wonderful profile in less than 24 hours!)  



Some background:
The Macchi C.170 Brezza ("Gust of wind") was a single-seat biplane fighter which served primarily in Italy's Regia Aeronautica before and in the early stages of World War II. The aircraft was produced by the Varese firm, and entered service, in smaller numbers, with the air forces of Italy, Austria and Hungary.


1:72 Macchi C.170 "Brezza"; aircraft "236" of Jagdgeschwader II, Fliegerregiment Nr. I, Österreichische Luftwaffe (Austrian Air Force); Wiener Neustadt, summer 1937 (Whif/kit-bashing). by dizzyfugu, on Flickr


1:72 Macchi C.170 "Brezza"; aircraft "236" of Jagdgeschwader II, Fliegerregiment Nr. I, Österreichische Luftwaffe (Austrian Air Force); Wiener Neustadt, summer 1937 (Whif/kit-bashing). by dizzyfugu, on Flickr


In spite of the biplane configuration, the C.170 was a modern, 'sleek-looking' design based around a strong steel and alloy frame incorporating a NACA cowling housing the radial engine, with fairings for the fixed main landing gear. The C.170's upper wing was slightly larger than its lower wing, carried only by six struts and a few bracing wires. Only the upper wing featured ailerons while the lower wing carried large flaps. Although it looked slightly outdated, the aircraft proved exceptionally agile thanks to its very low wing loading and a powerful, responsive engine.


1:72 Macchi C.170 "Brezza"; aircraft "236" of Jagdgeschwader II, Fliegerregiment Nr. I, Österreichische Luftwaffe (Austrian Air Force); Wiener Neustadt, summer 1937 (Whif/kit-bashing). by dizzyfugu, on Flickr


1:72 Macchi C.170 "Brezza"; aircraft "236" of Jagdgeschwader II, Fliegerregiment Nr. I, Österreichische Luftwaffe (Austrian Air Force); Wiener Neustadt, summer 1937 (Whif/kit-bashing). by dizzyfugu, on Flickr


Power was provided by a 650 kW (870 hp) Fiat A.74 14 cylinder radial engine, which also drove the contemporary Fiat CR.32 fighter. With the "direttiva" (Air Ministry Specific) of 1932, Italian industrial leaders had been instructed to concentrate solely on radial engines for fighters, due to their better reliability. The A.74 was actually a re-design of the American Pratt & Whitney R-1830 SC-4 Twin Wasp made by engineers Tranquillo Zerbi and Antonio Fessia, and in the C.170 it was geared to drive a metal three-blade Fiat-Hamilton Standard 3D.41-1 propeller of 2.9 m (9.5 ft) diameter. This allowed an impressive top speed of 441 km/h (272 mph) at 6.500 m (20.000 ft), and 342 km/h (213 mph) at ground level.


1:72 Macchi C.170 "Brezza"; aircraft "236" of Jagdgeschwader II, Fliegerregiment Nr. I, Österreichische Luftwaffe (Austrian Air Force); Wiener Neustadt, summer 1937 (Whif/kit-bashing). by dizzyfugu, on Flickr


1:72 Macchi C.170 "Brezza"; aircraft "236" of Jagdgeschwader II, Fliegerregiment Nr. I, Österreichische Luftwaffe (Austrian Air Force); Wiener Neustadt, summer 1937 (Whif/kit-bashing). by dizzyfugu, on Flickr


The first C.170 prototype flew on 24 December 1934 in Lonate Pozzolo, Varese, with Macchi Chief Test Pilot Giuseppe Burei at the controls. It was followed by the second prototype early the next year, which flew with an armored headrest and fairing in place (the C.170 lacked any further armor!) and other minor changes that were incorporated for serial production.
Despite Macchi's proposal for a closed cockpit canopy the cockpit remained open – Italian pilots were rather conservative. Additional protection was introduced through armored side panels, though, which would protect the pilot's shoulders. Radio equipment was also not included, as in many other Italian fighter aircraft.

During evaluation in early 1935 the C.170 was tested against the Fiat CR.42 and the Caproni Ca.165 biplane fighters, and was judged to be on par with the CR.42, although the Ca.165 was a more modern design which boasted a higher speed at the cost of maneuverability. An initial order of 99 C.170 for Italy's Regia Aeronautica was placed to Macchi factory in summer 1935, followed by foreign interest and order options from Austria, Belgium and Spain.


1:72 Macchi C.170 "Brezza"; aircraft "236" of Jagdgeschwader II, Fliegerregiment Nr. I, Österreichische Luftwaffe (Austrian Air Force); Wiener Neustadt, summer 1937 (Whif/kit-bashing). by dizzyfugu, on Flickr


1:72 Macchi C.170 "Brezza"; aircraft "236" of Jagdgeschwader II, Fliegerregiment Nr. I, Österreichische Luftwaffe (Austrian Air Force); Wiener Neustadt, summer 1937 (Whif/kit-bashing). by dizzyfugu, on Flickr


Anyway, what looked like a prosperous design was soon rendered obsolete: Following the end of Italy's campaigns in East Africa, a program was started to completely re-equip the Regia Aeronautica with a new interceptor aircraft of modern design. The 10 February 1936 specifications called for an aircraft powered by a single radial engine, with a top speed of 500 km/h, climb rate at 6,000 meters of 5 minutes, with a flight endurance of two hours, and armed with a single (later increased to two) 12.7 mm (0.5 in) machine gun. That was more or less the premature end for the C.170, as Macchi and other manufacturers quickly turned to more modern monoplane designs.


1:72 Macchi C.170 "Brezza"; aircraft "236" of Jagdgeschwader II, Fliegerregiment Nr. I, Österreichische Luftwaffe (Austrian Air Force); Wiener Neustadt, summer 1937 (Whif/kit-bashing). by dizzyfugu, on Flickr


1:72 Macchi C.170 "Brezza"; aircraft "236" of Jagdgeschwader II, Fliegerregiment Nr. I, Österreichische Luftwaffe (Austrian Air Force); Wiener Neustadt, summer 1937 (Whif/kit-bashing). by dizzyfugu, on Flickr


Therefore, orders and production of the Macchi Brezza remained limited. Beyond the original 99 aircraft for the Regia Aeronautica only 24 further C.170s were delivered. These aircraft went in spring 1936 to Austria to equip Jagdgeschwader II at Wiener Neustadt. Immediately after their delivery the Brezza fighters were retro-fitted with radio equipment, recognizable through the antenna installation on the headrest fairing. The potential orders from Belgium and Spain were soon cancelled, due to political tensions. 

As a side note, the Austrian C.170s fighters were the first aircraft to sport the new national emblem, which had been the result of a competition and won by flight engineer Rosner from the Graz-Thalerhof base. The white, equilateral triangle with the point facing downwards in a red disc was a completely new design and had (other than the flag or coats of arms) no prior basis.


1:72 Macchi C.170 "Brezza"; aircraft "236" of Jagdgeschwader II, Fliegerregiment Nr. I, Österreichische Luftwaffe (Austrian Air Force); Wiener Neustadt, summer 1937 (Whif/kit-bashing). by dizzyfugu, on Flickr


The C.170s' career in Austrian service was short, though: in March 1938 the Austrian units were absorbed into the Luftwaffe, and after a brief period the aircraft were handed over to Hungary where they were used for training purposes.

Although an obsolete design, it proved to be robust, durable and effective especially in severe conditions. In spring 1943, surviving C.170s were rounded up from training schools and delivered to night ground attack units operating on the Eastern Front. The C.170 was used to conduct night harassment sorties on the Eastern Front until September 1944, when the units were disbanded, due to a lack of serviceable airframes and spare parts.


1:72 Macchi C.170 "Brezza"; aircraft "236" of Jagdgeschwader II, Fliegerregiment Nr. I, Österreichische Luftwaffe (Austrian Air Force); Wiener Neustadt, summer 1937 (Whif/kit-bashing). by dizzyfugu, on Flickr


1:72 Macchi C.170 "Brezza"; aircraft "236" of Jagdgeschwader II, Fliegerregiment Nr. I, Österreichische Luftwaffe (Austrian Air Force); Wiener Neustadt, summer 1937 (Whif/kit-bashing). by dizzyfugu, on Flickr



General characteristics
Crew: 1
Length: 8.25 m (27 ft 1 in)
Wingspan: 32 ft 3 in (9.83 m)
Height: 11 ft 9 in (3.58 m)
Wing area: 323 ft² (30.0 m²)
Empty weight: 3,217 lb (1,462 kg)
Loaded weight: 4,594 lb (2,088 kg)

Powerplant
1× Fiat A.74 R.C.38 14-cylinder air-cooled radial engine, 650 kW (870 hp) at 2,520 rpm for take-off

Performance
Maximum speed: 441 km/h (238 kn, 274 mph) at 20,000 ft
Cruise speed: 338 km/h (187 kn, 210 mph)
Range: 780 km (420 nmi, 485 mi)
Service ceiling: 10,210 m (33,500 ft)
Rate of climb: 11.8 m/s (2,340 ft/min)
Climb to 10,000 ft (3,050 m): 4.75 min
Wing loading: 69,6 kg/m² (15,3 lb/ft²)
Power/mass: 311 W/kg (0.19 hp/lb)

Armament
2× 12.7 mm (0.5 in) Breda-SAFAT synchronized machine guns above the engine, 370 rpg
Some aircraft were field-modified to carry up to 8× 15 kg (33 lb) or 2× 50 or 100 kg (110/220 lb) bombs under the wings



The kit and its assembly
As mentioned above, inspiration for this little, whiffy biplane came when I posted a pic of an Austrian Ju 86 bomber as a reply/ suggestion to fellow user NARSES2 search at whatifmodelers.com for "something" to make from a Gloster Gladiator. When I looked at the paint scheme a second time I remembered that I still had some Austrian roundels in stock, as well some very old biplane spare parts... hmmm  .

Biplanes are tricky to build, even OOB, and kitbashing this kind of whif would not make things easier. Anyway, I love such challenges, and the potential outcome would surely look nice, if not exotic, so I decided to tackle the project.

Basically, the following donation ingredients went into it:
● Fuselage, engine, cockpit/pilot and tail from a Revell Macchi C.200 "Saetta"
● Upper wing from a Matchbox Gloster "Gladiator"
● Lower wings from a Matchbox SBC "Helldiver"
● Wheels from a Matchbox Hs 126 (shortened)

Pretty straightforward, but even though it would be a small aircraft model, it would come with two big challenges: mounting the lower wings and shaping the resulting, gaping belly, and the custom-made struts and wirings for the upper wing.

Work started with the Macchi C.200's fuselage, which was built OOB - just without the wing, which is a single part, different pilot (the included one is a pygmy!) and with a free spinning metal axis for the propeller.

The wing installation started with the lower wings. I glued the Helldiver wings onto the C.200 fuselage, so that the wings' trailing edge would match the C.200's wing root ends. From that, a floor plate was fitted under the fuselage and any excessive material removed, the gaps filled with lumps of 2C putty. That moved the lower wing's roots backwards, creating space at the lower forward fuselage for the new landing gear.


1:72 Macchi C.170 "Brezza" (Whif/kit-bashing) - WiP by dizzyfugu, on Flickr


1:72 Macchi C.170 "Brezza" (Whif/kit-bashing) - WiP by dizzyfugu, on Flickr


The latter was taken from a vintage Matchbox Hs 126 reconnaissance aircraft - probably 25, if 30 years old... Size was O.K., but the struts had to shortened by about 5mm, as thge HS 126 is a much bigger/longer aircraft than the C.200. A cut was made just above the wheel spats, material taken out, and the separate parts were glued back together again.

With the lower wings in place I started building strut supports for the upper wing from styrene strips - tricky and needs patience, but effective. I started with the outer supports, carving something SBC-style from styrene. These were glued into place, slightly canted outwards, and their length/height adapted to the upper wing's position.

When this was settled, the upper Gladiator wing was glued into place. After a thorough drying period the short fuselage supports in front of the cockpit – again, styrene strips – were inserted into the gap. This allowed an individual lengthening, and was easier than expected, with a stable result.


1:72 Macchi C.170 "Brezza" (Whif/kit-bashing) - WiP by dizzyfugu, on Flickr


1:72 Macchi C.170 "Brezza" (Whif/kit-bashing) - WiP by dizzyfugu, on Flickr

After having the upper wing glued in place I added some wiring, made from heated and pulled-out styrene sprues. This not only enhances the kit's look, it also (just like in real life) improves rigidity of the model. Also a tedious task, but IMHO worth the effort. I tried thin wire, nylon strings and sewing yarn for this job, but finally the styrene solution is what worked best for me.
The exhaust installation had also to be modified: the new Hs 126 struts with spats would have been where the original C.200's hot exhaust gases would have gone, so I added new exhaust pipes that would go between the new legs.
Other small added details included, among others, a pitot on a wing strut, a visor in front of the cockpit, a radio antenna, a ladder made from wire.


1:72 Macchi C.170 "Brezza" (Whif/kit-bashing) - WiP by dizzyfugu, on Flickr


1:72 Macchi C.170 "Brezza" (Whif/kit-bashing) - WiP by dizzyfugu, on Flickr


Painting and markings
I would not call the Austrian 3+1-tone pre-WWII-scheme spectacular, but the colors are unique. My scheme is based on an Austrian Ju 86 bomber from 1938, so it fits into the intended time frame.

The colors were puzzled together from various sources and are subjective guesstimates:
● A pale, yellow-ish beige (Humbrol 74, 'Linen', out of production)
● A rather brownish green (Testors 1711, 'Olive Drab', FS 34087)
● A dark green with a yellow-ish hue (Humbrol 116, 'US Dark Green' FS 34079)
● Light blue for the undersides (Humbrol 65, 'Aircraft Blue', RLM 65)


1:72 Macchi C.170 "Brezza" (Whif/kit-bashing) - WiP by dizzyfugu, on Flickr


In order to add some details I painted the area behind the engine cowling in aluminum. The respective part under the fuselage, where the exhaust gases would pass, was painted in Steel – both Testors Metallizers.
The interior surfaces were painted in a neutral Grey – but with the engine and the pilot in place you cannot see anything of that at all.
Markings are minimal: the Austrian roundels come from a TL Decals aftermarket sheet, the flag on the rudder was laid out with red paint (a mix of Humbrol 19 and 60), the white bar is a decal. The tactical code is fictional, puzzled together from single digits in various sizes (also from TL Modellbau sheets). The original documents how purely black fuselage codes, but I found these hard to read. So I chose digits with a white rim (actually, these belong to modern German Luftwaffe tactical codes in 1:32), which improve contrast a little.


1:72 Macchi C.170 "Brezza" (Whif/kit-bashing) - WiP by dizzyfugu, on Flickr


The kit received a thin black ink wash and some shading/dry-painting with lighter basic tones (Humbrol 103, 155, Model Master 2138,'Israeli Armor Sand Grey', and Humbrol 122). After decal application, another turn with overall Hemp and Light Grey was done in order to fade contrast and to emphasize the surface structure. The wires were also painted, but only with thinned black ink and a VERY soft brush.

Finally, everything was sealed under a spray coat of matt acrylic varnish.


1:72 Macchi C.170 "Brezza"; aircraft "236" of Jagdgeschwader II, Fliegerregiment Nr. I, Österreichische Luftwaffe (Austrian Air Force); Wiener Neustadt, summer 1937 (Whif/kit-bashing). by dizzyfugu, on Flickr


1:72 Macchi C.170 "Brezza"; aircraft "236" of Jagdgeschwader II, Fliegerregiment Nr. I, Österreichische Luftwaffe (Austrian Air Force); Wiener Neustadt, summer 1937 (Whif/kit-bashing). by dizzyfugu, on Flickr


Voilà, and done in just about a week! 

[JayBee]

Utterly brilliant both in concept and execution.
It just looks so right.

[NARSES2]

Wonderfull model Dizzy 

[Logan Hartke]

So natural, especially in that beautiful Austrian paint scheme!  It looks an Italian Hs 123.  Very nice.

Cheers,

Logan

[Mossie]

Lovely looking little machine Dizzy!

[Dizzyfugu]

Wonderfull model Dizzy 

Thank you. You more or less kicked it off!

Actually, I am very delighted by the profile which my model inspired in/from Canada. Lovely package altogether!

[deathjester]

Really nice, and a highly plausible backstory 

[Hotte]

Great story - pretty Macchi 

Hotte

[Gondor]

very nice indeed

Gondor

[ChernayaAkula]

Interwar designs aren't my forte. Had you tried to pass this one of as a real-world design, I'd have swallowed it hook, line and sinker. 

Love the camo! 

[Captain Canada]

Very nice. Good use of some old kits too ! Love the camo and colours.

[Dizzyfugu]

Thanks a lot to everyone!